• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A self-propelled agricultural harvesting machine includes working members (26,28) for transporting and / or processing a crop, which can be driven via a drive belt (50) which can be driven by a pulley ( 48), a first internal combustion engine (32) with a first crankshaft (36) and a second internal combustion engine (34) with a second crankshaft (38). The pulley (48) is optionally in a drive connection with one of the internal combustion engines (32 or 34) or both. The first crankshaft (36) is or can be brought into drive connection with the pulley (48) via a first belt drive (46), the second internal combustion engine (34) is rotated 180 ° around the vertical axis with respect to the first internal combustion engine (32) and the second crankshaft (38) is or can be brought into drive connection with the pulley (48) via a cardan shaft (86).
    公开号:BE1019097A3
    申请号:E2009/0469
    申请日:2009-08-05
    公开日:2012-03-06
    发明作者:Matthew Dold；Rainer Schofer；Klaus-Josef Vogelsang；Helmut Weis
    申请人:Deere & Co；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    DESCRIPTION
    The invention relates to a self-propelled agricultural harvesting machine, comprising: a frame which rests on means engaging the ground and is movable in a forward direction thanks to these, working members for transporting and / or processing a crop, which can be driven via a drive belt which can be driven by a pulley with a horizontal axis of rotation and oriented transversely to the forward direction, a first internal combustion relying on the frame, with a first crankshaft extending horizontally and transversely to the forward direction, and a second internal combustion engine resting on the frame, with a second crankshaft extending horizontally and transversely to the forward direction, the pulley being or can be in driving connection with one of the internal combustion engines or the ow.
    State of the art
    In the recent past, self-propelled agricultural harvesting machines are equipped with more and more powerful internal combustion engines which, for forage harvesters, can currently supply up to more than 800 kW. Because of relatively small engine production series of such power, such engines are relatively expensive and generally more expensive than two internal combustion engines each having half the power. Furthermore, the total power of the engine is not always required, - it is not necessary for example for transport on a road or for grass harvesting - which leads to a lower efficiency of the engine than for operating at full load, which is why it has been proposed to equip a self-propelled harvesting machine with two internal combustion engines, one of which is switchable in addition to the other internal combustion engine in order to control greater power.
    According to DE 102 004 046 467 A1, the crankshafts of the two internal combustion engines are oriented transversely to the forward direction and horizontally, an internal combustion engine being positioned in front of the other internal combustion engine in the forward direction . A direct gear reducer establishes a link between the two internal combustion engines and the main driveline of the harvesting machine. Between the crankshaft of the rear internal combustion engine and the direct gear reducer is arranged a disconnectable coupling so as to drive the harvesting machine also with only the front internal combustion engine, without having to rotate at the same time the internal combustion engine back. A main driveline of the harvesting machine is driven by a drive belt which rotates about a pulley directly connected to the crankshaft of the front internal combustion engine. The forward internal combustion engine also drives hydraulic pumps for the displacement mechanism and the drive of the feed rollers and the pre-harvest attachment via the direct-drive gearbox.
    The two internal combustion engines are mounted with the direct-drive gearbox on an auxiliary frame, so that they form a compact, pre-assembled subassembly. This compact subassembly offers advantages during the final assembly of the harvesting machine, since the number of elements to be mounted along the mounting strip remains low, but the disadvantage that the various internal combustion engines are difficult to access. for maintenance. In addition, vibrations can occur during operation in one of the internal combustion engines, which are transmitted to the other internal combustion engine via the auxiliary frame and the direct-train gearbox and lead to undesirable vibrations which increase. finally by resonance due to the mutual interference of the internal combustion engines which takes place via the auxiliary frame and the direct-train gearbox. As a disadvantage of this arrangement, it must further be considered that the front internal combustion engine must always be in use when the harvesting machine is harvesting or rolling, while the rear internal combustion engine is only required for load peaks. and therefore less operating hours than the internal combustion engine before, so that the latter undergoes a substantially higher wear.
    DE 102 006 004 143 A1 describes another self-propelled harvesting machine in the form of a forage harvester which also has two internal combustion engines. In a first embodiment, a drive belt driving the chopper drum and a hoist member surrounds two pulleys which are arranged coaxially with the respective crankshafts of the internal combustion engines and can be connected to the crankshafts by couplings. Couplings can be used to drive either or both of the internal combustion engines and to connect them to the drive belt. However, this construction requires a very small radius of curvature of the drive belt around the pulley of the front internal combustion engine, which causes a great wear of the drive belt. For a second embodiment, the drive belt then surrounds only a pulley connected to the crankshaft of the front internal combustion engine, while the rear internal combustion engine is in driving connection with the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine. before via a second belt drive. A displacement mechanism is driven by a third belt drive through the crankshaft of the rear internal combustion engine. For this embodiment, the internal combustion engines can only be driven together, since there are no detachable couplings between the belt drives and the crankshafts.
    Purpose of the invention
    The object of the invention is to provide a self-propelled agricultural harvesting machine whose driving concept does not present or only to a lesser extent the aforementioned disadvantages of the state of the art.
    Solution
    This object is achieved according to the invention by the teaching of claim 1, the dependent claims having features which improve the solution advantageously.
    A self-propelled harvesting machine comprises a frame which is grounded by ground engaging means, generally wheels or crawler undercarriages, and can be moved in a forward direction at 1 help of the means mentioned. The harvesting machine further has working members for transporting and / or treating the crop, in the case of a forage harvester, for example a chopper drum, a graeder or a grain treatment device, and the case of a combine harvester such as an inclined conveyor or a drummer. The driving of the working members is via a drive belt which is driven on the input side via a pulley with an axis of rotation extending horizontally and transversely to the forward direction, which is or can be fed to its side. in a choice drive connection via a first belt drive with a first crankshaft of a first internal combustion engine and / or via a cardan shaft with a second crankshaft of a second internal combustion engine, rotated by 180 ° around the vertical axis relative to the first internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engines are attached to the frame and their crankshafts extend horizontally and transversely to the forward direction.
    In this way, the internal combustion engines are mechanically decoupled from each other, in particular from the point of view of vibration, by the belt drive and the cardan shaft, so that one must not fear a resonance of vibrations.
    In addition, the belt drive and the cardan shaft allow a non-problematic mounting of couplings in order to be able to select for the small power demands which internal combustion engines are driven, in order to equalize as much as possible the hours of operation and the degree of wear of the two internal combustion engines. The couplings can be arranged between the crankshaft and the belt drive or the PTO shaft, although it is also possible to provide them on the output side of the belt drive or the PTO shaft.
    For road traffic, the working elements of the harvesting machine should normally be deactivated. On the other hand, other drives of the harvesting machine must, however, also be driven during running, such as a displacement mechanism or an air conditioning system, so that at least one internal combustion engine must be driven. . Decommissioning of the working members is therefore preferably done with the aid of a third coupling, which is provided upstream of the pulley, that is to say between the pulley on the one hand and the outlets connected or connectable by the aforementioned couplings of the first belt drive and the cardan shaft.
    Embodiment Example With the aid of the figures, an exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained. The drawings show:
    Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a self-propelled harvesting machine in the form of a forage harvester, and Figure 2 is a schematic top view of the harvesting machine of the harvesting machine of Figure 1; .
    In Figure 1 is shown in schematic side view a harvesting machine 10 in the form of a self-propelled forage harvester. The harvesting machine 10 stands on a frame 12, which is supported by front wheels 14 and rear guide wheels 16. The control of the harvesting machine 10 is from a driver's cab 18, from which we can see a pre-harvest attachment 20 in the form of a collector, which could also be replaced by a pre-harvesting attachment for maize harvesting. Fodder harvested from the soil with the aid of the pre-harvest attachment 20, for example grass or the like, is conveyed via an input conveyor 22 with pre-pressing rolls, which are arranged inside an inlet housing 24 at the front of the forage harvester 10, at a chopper 26 in the form of a chopper drum located beneath the driver's cab 18, which shreds it into small pieces and It transmits it to a transport device 28. The chopping device 26 and the transport device 28 are therefore working members for transporting and processing a crop. The crop leaves the harvesting machine 10 to a transport vehicle running next to it via an extraction shaft 30 rotating about an almost vertical axis and adjustable in inclination. In the following, the direction indications, such as laterally, at the bottom and at the top, relate to the forward direction V of the harvesting machine 10, which extends to the right in FIG.
    FIG. 2 shows a view from above of the arrangement of the drive of the harvesting machine 10. In the rear zone of the harvesting machine 10 there are two internal combustion engines 32, 34 which are connected separately with each other. The other to longitudinal members and / or cross members of the frame 12. The internal combustion engines 32, 34 are preferably made as diesel engines and generally comprise oil and cooling circuits as well as separate starters. Their power is preferably the same, although it may also be different. The first internal combustion engine 32, at the rear, and its crankshaft 36 (the first) extend transversely to the forward direction V of the harvesting machine 10. The second internal combustion engine 34, at the forward, and its crankshaft 38 (the second) also extend transversely to the forward direction V of the harvesting machine 10, however, are rotated 180 ° about the vertical axis relative to the first internal combustion engine 32 .
    The first crankshaft 36 is rigidly connected to an output shaft 40, which is in turn coupled to the input side of a first coupling 42. The output side of the first coupling 42 is rigidly connected via a hollow shaft 104 to a pulley. drive 44 of a first belt drive 46, whose receiving pulley 56 is rigidly coupled to a coaxial transverse shaft 94. A first drive belt 72 extends around the drive pulley 44 and the receiving pulley 56 of the first belt drive 46. The first coupling 42, the drive pulley 44 and the output shaft 40 are disposed coaxially relative to one another and their axes extend horizontally and transversely to the direction of rotation. forward. The first belt drive 46 therefore extends from the first internal combustion engine 32 forward to the transverse shaft 94. The first coupling 42 is on the side of the drive pulley 44 away from the plane. longitudinal center of the harvesting machine 10.
    The output shaft 58 of the second internal combustion engine 34 is connected via a direct gear reducer 60 with a total of four gears 62 to 68 whose axes of rotation extend horizontally and transversely to the direction of travel before V to a hollow shaft 80 on the outside of which is the inlet side of a second coupling 82. The direct gear reducer 60 could also be replaced by a second belt drive (not shown) establishing a driving connection between the the output shaft 58 and the hollow shaft 80 and the input side of the second coupling 82. The output side of the second coupling 82 is connected to a shaft 84 extending horizontally and transversely to the forward direction V, which is extends through the hollow shaft 80 and is connected to the input side of a cardan shaft 86 which also extends horizontally and transversely to the forward direction V. The cardan shaft 86 is in turn connected to the output side at the transverse shaft 94.
    The transverse shaft 94 is connected on the receiving pulley side 56 near the central longitudinal plane of the harvesting machine 10 rigidly to the inlet side of a third coupling 96, whose output side is coupled to an additional hollow shaft 102, which surrounds the transverse shaft 94 and extends coaxially therewith. The transverse shaft 94 is rotatably coupled to a pulley 48 on the side of the third coupling 96 near the central longitudinal plane of the harvesting machine 10. The pulley 48 is surrounded by a second drive belt 50 which also surrounds a pulley 52 for driving the transport device 28 and a pulley 54 for driving the chopping device 26. The second drive belt 50 can be tensioned in its upper return strand between the pulleys 48 and 52 by a roller tensioner (not shown) assigned to it. The driving of a grain treatment device 104 disposed between the chopping device 26 and the transport device 28 is preferably via an additional belt drive (not shown) by the shaft 106 of the pulley 52.
    The hollow shaft 104 also extends on the side of the drive pulley 44 close to the central longitudinal plane of the harvesting machine 10 and carries at this location a peripherally toothed wheel 108 which meshes with another toothed wheel. 110, which drives via a third gear 112 and a shaft 114 arranged transversely a pumping unit 116 which serves to supply the hydraulic motors for driving the wheels 14, 16 and a reversible motor 108. The shaft 114 is via a fourth coupling 118 also in driving connection with a pump 120 for the hydraulic supply of a hydraulic motor 78 for driving the pre-harvest attachment 20.
    The hollow shaft 102 is via a gear change transmission 122 in driving connection with the reversible motor 62 or a hydraulic pump 124 to volume absorbed per turn preferably adjustable. The shift transmission 122 is connected via an externally controlled actuator 126, which can in particular be actuated hydraulically, pneumatically or electromagnetically, with a drive 70 which also controls an actuator 128 for actuation of the third coupling 96, an actuator 130 for actuating the first coupling 42 and an actuator 132 for actuating the second coupling 86. The hydraulic pump 124 is connected by communication of hydraulic fluid to a hydraulic motor 74 which has a fixed or adjustable volume absorbed per revolution. and drives via a transmission 76 the pre-pressing rollers of the input conveyor 22. The gearshift transmission 122 comprises a sleeve 134 rotatably connected to the hollow shaft 102, but movable via the actuator 126 in the direction of axial to the hollow shaft 102, which can be supplied by the actuator 126 in driving connection to the choice with a pair of gears 136 for driving the reversible motor 108 or with a pair of gears 138 for driving the hydraulic pump 124.
    The transmission ratios of the first belt drive 46 and the direct gear reducer 60 are preferably identical, in order to obtain the same rotational speeds of the internal combustion engines 32, 34. They can be respectively 1: 1, but can however, also deviate from a transmission ratio of 1: 1 in order to obtain a desired rotational speed at the pulley 48 and the chopper 26 and at the transport device 28.
    Since, when the first internal combustion engine 32 is out of service, the first belt drive 46 must not carry the power from the rear to the front, but in the opposite direction of the transverse shaft 94 to the pumping unit. 116, the lower or upper strand of the first drive belt 72 can be used for power transmission, while the other strand acts as a vacuum strand. In order to take account of this fact, two tensioning rollers 140, 142 are assigned to the first belt drive 46, which are attached to separate supports 144, 146 which can pivot freely about axes 148, 150 extending horizontally and transversely to the forward direction. The supports 144, 146 are pre-tensioned relative to one another by the force of a spring 152 and / or a hydraulic cylinder (not shown). The axes 148 and 150 are respectively in front of the tensioning rollers 140 and 142 relative to the direction of travel of the drive belt 72. It is obvious that the arrangement with the two tensioning rollers 140, 142 can also be used for the drive systems for which the second internal combustion engine 34 does not drive the pulley 48 via a cardan shaft 86, but in any other manner (e.g. a pure gear transmission, a second belt drive, etc. .).
    The operating mode of the drive system shown in Figures 1 and 2 is with all this the following. In working operation, the operator can, via a control device 98 located in the driver's cab 18, communicate to the control 70 if one of the two internal combustion engines 32, 34 is needed or both. This selection can also be done in harvesting operation using a power measurement which is performed using a torque sensor inside the kinematic chain of the hashing device 26 or the control commands. The engine of the internal combustion engines 32, 34 gives the control 70 corresponding information or the type of pre-harvest attachment 20 is detected or the harvest rate is measured. For a sufficiently low power requirement, less than the rated power of one of the internal combustion engines 32, 34, a single combustion engine 32 or 34 is respectively put into operation, while the other is stopped. In doing so, the internal combustion engine which has consumed the smallest amount of fuel or has the lowest degree of fouling in the engine oil is preferably selected automatically, which can be determined by means of a sensor. appropriate (see DE 10 225 716 A1). The selection of the internal combustion engine can also be made using the criteria mentioned in DE 102 006 004 143 A1. If the capacities of the two internal combustion engines 32, 34 are different, it is also taken into account when the selection of the internal combustion engine 32 or 34 of the power to be supplied, so that for a power requirement that is greater than the power of the internal combustion engine 32 or 34 the lowest and lower than the power of the combustion engine internal 32 or 34 the most powerful, the most powerful internal combustion engine 32 or 34 is selected. Furthermore, for a road trip that can be selected by means of a corresponding entry in the command 70 with the control device 98, a single internal combustion engine 32 or 34 is automatically put into service.
    If only the first internal combustion engine 32 is to be put into operation, the command 70 gives the actuator 130 the order to close the first coupling 42 and the actuator 132 to open the second coupling 82. Following this , the first internal combustion engine 32 in use drives the transverse shaft 94 via the first belt drive 46, so that the cardan shaft 86 is also rotated.
    If, similarly, only the second internal combustion engine 34 is to be put into operation, the control 70 gives the actuator 130 the order to open the first coupling 42 and the actuator 132 to close the second coupling 82. Following this, the second internal combustion engine 34 in use drives the transverse shaft 94 via the cardan shaft 86. The first belt drive 46 then turns empty.
    In road traffic operation, the control 70 gives the actuator 128 the order to open the third coupling 96 and an actuator 154 to open the coupling 118. Following this, during road traffic, neither the Pulley 48 for drive belt 50, hollow shaft 102 and pump 120 are not driven. The first belt drive 46 and the cardan shaft 86, however, rotate and the pumping unit 116 is driven, so that all the elements necessary for road traffic are driven, while the working members necessary for the harvesting operation. are stopped.
    In harvesting operation, the control 70 gives the actuator 128 the order to close the third coupling 96 and the coupling 118, so that the pump 120 and thus the hydraulic motor 78 for driving the front attachment 20, the pulley 48 and thus the transport device 28 and the chopping device 26 and the hollow shaft 102 are also set in motion. In normal harvesting operation, the controller 70 instructs the actuator 64 to bring the speed change transmission 122 into a position in which the hydraulic pump 124 and thus the hydraulic motor 74 are driven to drive the conveyor. In the event of a crop jam, the hydraulic motor 74 can be reversed, in that its oscillating disk is moved accordingly. In order to sharpen the knives of the chopping device 26 in a rearward rotation with the aid of a sharpening device 100, the control 70 can, when the third coupling 96 is separated, cause the gearshift transmission to take place. 122 in a position in which the reversible motor 108 is in driving connection with the hollow shaft 102 and drives the latter in the opposite direction to normal harvesting operation.
    If only the first internal combustion engine 32 is running and the second internal combustion engine 34 is now also required, the control 70 gives the order to start it with its starter, to bring it to the speed of rotation of the first internal combustion engine 32 with the aid of its motor control and closing the second coupling 82. Conversely, if only the second internal combustion engine 34 is running and the first one is now also required of the first internal combustion engine 32, the command 70 gives the order to start the latter with the aid of its starter, to bring it to the speed of rotation of the second internal combustion engine 34 with the aid of its engine control and closing the first coupling 42.
    Similarly, in the event of a decrease in the power demands, the control 70 may order the first or second internal combustion engine 32 or 34 to be disabled with the application of the criteria mentioned above, in that the first coupling 42 is forced to open by the actuator 130 or the second coupling 82 by the actuator 132, and then the control of the internal combustion engine 32 or 34 to be stopped is brought to cut off the fuel supply. The drive system shown thus allows trouble-free selection of one or both of the two internal combustion engines 32 or 34. The belt drive 46 and the cardan shaft 86 decouple the internal combustion engines 32 and 34 and prevent undesirable resonance transmission or enhancement of mechanical vibrations.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    A self-propelled harvesting machine (10), comprising: a frame (12) supported on ground engaging means (14, 16) and movable in a forward direction by means thereof, working members (26, 28) for transporting and / or processing a crop, which can be driven via a drive belt (50) which can be driven by a pulley (48) with a horizontal axis of rotation and oriented transversely to the forward direction, a first internal combustion engine (32) abutting the frame (12), with a first crankshaft (36) extending horizontally and transversely to the forward direction, and a second internal combustion engine (34) resting on the frame (12), with a second crankshaft (38) extending horizontally and transversely to the forward direction, the pulley (48) being or being able to be connected drive of choice with one of the internal combustion engines (32 or 34) or both internal combustion engines (32 and 34), characterized in that the first crankshaft (36) is or can be brought into driving connection with »nui / λ o Tria nn nrwni ργ ρπ + · Γλι npment. XU belt (TW ƒ V XM M ** V ·· - - ** --- ir (46), in that the second internal combustion engine (34) is rotated 180 ° about the vertical axis by relative to the first internal combustion engine (32) and in that the second crankshaft (38) is or can be brought into driving connection with the pulley (48) via a cardan shaft (86).
    [2]
    Harvesting machine (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that a first releasable coupling (42) is arranged between the first crankshaft (36) and the first belt drive (46).
    [3]
    3. harvesting machine (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a second coupling (82), separable, is disposed between the second crankshaft (38) and the cardan shaft (86).
    [4]
    Harvesting machine (10) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an output shaft (40) of the first internal combustion engine (32) is on a first side of the central longitudinal plane of the harvesting machine (10), where also the first belt drive (46) and the drive belt (50) are located, and that an output shaft (58) of the second internal combustion engine ( 34) is on a second side of the central longitudinal plane of the harvesting machine (10).
    [5]
    Harvesting machine (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the output shaft (58) of the second internal combustion engine (34) is connected to the cardan shaft (86). via a direct-drive gearbox (60) or a second belt drive.
    [6]
    6. harvesting machine (10) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a third coupling (96) is disposed between the pulley (48) on the one hand and the outputs connected or can be connected between they of the first belt drive (46) and the cardan shaft (86) on the other hand.
    [7]
    Harvesting machine (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the pulley (48) is in front of the second crankshaft (38) with respect to the forward direction, which is at its turn in front of the first crankshaft (36) with respect to the forward direction.
    [8]
    Harvesting machine (10) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the pulley (48) is in driving connection with a transmission, in particular a gear change transmission (122), with which a hydraulic pump (124) can be driven, which is or can be connected by fluid communication with a hydraulic motor (74) for driving an input conveyor (22).
    [9]
    Harvesting machine (10) according to claim 8, characterized in that the pulley (48) is connected by a hollow shaft (102) to the transmission and that a transverse shaft (94) is located at interior of the hollow shaft (102) and establishes a drive connection between the output side of the cardan shaft (86) and the pulley (48).
    [10]
    Harvesting machine (10) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the first belt drive (84) comprises a drive pulley (44) which is connected via a transmission (108-112). to a pumping unit (116) which serves for the hydraulic supply of a displacement mechanism and / or is connected with a pump (120) which is or can be connected by fluid communication with a hydraulic motor (78) for driving an attachment before harvesting (20).
    [11]
    Harvesting machine (10) according to claim 10, characterized in that the drive pulley (44) of the first belt drive (46) is connected via a hollow shaft (104) to the transmission (108-112). for driving the pumping unit (116) and / or the pump (120) and that an output shaft (40) of the first internal combustion engine (32) connected to the first crankshaft (36) extends into the hollow shaft (104).
    [12]
    Harvesting machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first belt drive (46) transmits in another direction when the first internal combustion engine (32) is deactivated only when the first motor internal combustion engine (32) is activated and that respective tensioning rollers (140, 142) are assigned to the two strands of the first drive belt (72), which are secured by means of separate movable supports (144). , 146) which are pre-tensioned relative to one another under the action of a spring (152) and / or a hydraulic cylinder.
    [13]
    Harvesting machine (10) according to claim 12, characterized in that the supports (144, 146) are freely pivotable about axes (148, 150) extending horizontally and transversely to the forward direction.
    [14]
    Harvesting machine (10) according to claim 13, characterized in that the shafts (148, 150) are respectively in front of the tensioning rollers (140, 142) relative to the direction of travel of the drive belt. (72).
    [15]
    Harvesting machine (10) according to one of Claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the first belt drive (72) is in drive connection with a pump unit (116) and / or a pump ( 120) for the hydraulic supply of a hydraulic motor (78) for driving a pre-harvest attachment (20), the pump unit (116) and / or the pump (120) being arranged near the first internal combustion engine (32).
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    同族专利:
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102008041186|2008-08-12|
    DE102008041186|2008-08-12|
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